Strategy

Focusing merely on research will not respond to the urgency of the arsenic problem. On the other hand, many uncertainties still hamper the implementation of adequate projects. Should the emphasis be laid upon better understanding of the problem in order to come up with the best possible approach, or should priority be given to address the problem now in order to save lives?

Obviously both should be done, but contrary to technical installations that can be delivered quickly, the process of setting up the necessary village institutions will take more time. The challenge is to streamline short-term technical and long-term social activities. In our working areas, we found an overwhelming preference for deep tube-wells (and occasionally for dug-wells). These can serve as quick mitigation (it takes only five days to install one); in other words it functions as an end in itself. Deep tube-wells are also a means upon which people can start building and strengthening the necessary community-based organisations.

Uncertainties

However, the adoption of deep tube-wells also generates uncertainty (see also our research proposal): - Massive water extraction might trigger the arsenic contamination of deep aquifers. - Unequal power relations might inhibit participation of the poor. - Economic limitations might hamper maintenance of the infrastructure. - Gender aspects might restrict the mobility of women in the village. - Arsenic might not be a priority when there are other more urgent sufferings.

Such uncertainties call for an interdisciplinary and adaptive programme. Sustainability is enhanced through the involvement of local communities, especially the poor and women. AMRF functions both as a facilitating and a learning organisation. It provides practical support for water sampling, data collection, translation, etc. In turn, in accordance with local priorities, research can bring relevant technical or social insights back into the projects. Ultimately the goal is to phase out these external inputs gradually replacing them with self-reliant people's organisations and drinking water supplies.

For an introduction to our programme watch the video: The Largest Mass Poisoning in History (2008). Video recording. J. Merson and C.F. Rammelt. Dhaka, AMRF, Sydney, EPM Graduate Research Program at UNSW, JMA Production.